excess electron การใช้

• These excess electrons pass to oxygen and form ROS.
• Where a double bond is formed in the compound A, shifting its excess electrons into the bond.
• The wide band element is doped with donor atoms; thus it has excess electrons in its conduction band.
• Electrons have higher diffusion constant than holes leading to fewer excess electrons at the center as compared to holes.
• Excess electrons that form lone pairs are represented as pairs of dots, and are placed next to the atoms.
• Excess electrons increase the electron carrier concentration ( n 0 ) of the semiconductor, making it n-type.
• Excess electrons injected into a hematite particle during a redox event can travel through the particle, causing reductive dissolution elsewhere on the particle.
• Excess electrons that form lone pairs are represented as pair of dots, and are placed next to the atoms on which they reside:
• Donor impurities " donate " their extra valence electrons to a semiconductor's conduction band, providing excess electrons to the intrinsic semiconductor.
• If ADP levels fall, the rate of respiration decreases and causes the electron transport chain to become over-reduced with excess electrons.
• When the device is biased, excess electrons and holes are generated and flow into the active region, where they recombine and emit light.
• :: If the comb has excess electrons, they will repel the electrons ( it's the electrons that are mobile ) in each bit of paper.
• This OH  " is a nucleophile with a clearly negative charge, as it has excess electrons it donates them to the carbon, which results in a covalent bond between the two.
• Since the material in the belt and rollers can be selected, the accumulated charge on the hollow metal sphere can either be made positive ( electron deficient ) or negative ( excess electrons ).
• Because the electron transfer between molecules in the different materials is not immediately reversible, the excess electrons in one type of molecule remain left behind, while a deficit of electrons occurs in the other.
• On the other hand, proton reduction ( ) is coupled to the oxidation of electron donors such as ferredoxin ( FNR ), and serves to dispose excess electrons in cells ( essential in pyruvate fermentation ).
• Let's say the comb has excess electrons ( it doesn't matter ); the paper bits would have a positive charge " with respect to the comb " and would be attracted.
• :: : : : It would be logically more reasonable if the kilogram could be defined by counting some number of atoms of some particular isotope-and charge be defined by counting the number of excess electrons present.
• In contrast, the accumulation of excess electrons in one region and of excess holes in another, due to illumination, results in a photo voltage that does drive a current when a load is attached to the illuminated diode.
• This difference in electronegativities means that the charge separation, and resulting dipole moment, is maintained even when the ions are in contact ( the excess electrons on the anions are not transferred or polarised to neutralise the cations ).